| Abstract | Laser je uređaj za stvaranje i pojačavanje koherentnog elektromagnetskog, najčešće monokromatskog, usko usmjerenog zračenja. Otkriće lasera pripisuje se Theodoru Maimanu koji je uspio proizvesti prvu lasersku zraku u Hughes Research Laboratoriju u Kaliforniji, 16. svibnja 1960. godine. Maiman je pomoću bljeskalice obasjavao crveni kristal rubina, čije su plohe bile posrebrene i čime je izazvao lasersku emisiju u crvenom dijelu spektra na 694 nm. S obzirom na agregatno stanje tvari, laseri se dijele na plinske, tekuće i krute. Plinski laseri se zatim dijele na atomske, ionske, molekularne i kemijske. Tekući laseri se dijele na: lasere „kaveznih“ molekula i lasere na organskim bojama. Posljednji iz podjele prema agregatnom stanju, kruti laseri dijele se na kristalne, amorfne (stakleni, plastični) i poluvodičke. Lasere također možemo podijeliti prema načinu rada te ih tako dijelimo na impulsne i kontinuirane. Primjenu lasera možemo pronaći u mnogim granama ljudske djelatnosti kao što su industrija, medicina, stomatologija, telekomunikacije, energetika, obrada materijala, vojna industrija te mnoge druge. |
| Abstract (english) | Laser is a device for creating and enhancing coherent electromagnetic, most often monochromatic, narrow-beam radiation. The laser discovery was attributed to Theodore Maiman, who succeeded in making the first laser beam at the Hughes Research Laboratory in California, May 16, 1960. Maiman blasted a red crystal of ruby with a flash of light, the surface of which was hot and caused a laser emission in the red section of the spectrum at 694nm. By the aggregate state of the substance, the lasers are divided into gas, liquid and rigid. Gas lasers are then divided into atomic, ionic, molecular and chemical. Liquid lasers are divided into: lasers of "cage" molecules and lasers on organic dyes. The last from the split to the aggregate state, solid lasers are divided into crystal, amorphous (glass, plastic) and semiconductor. They can be divided into mode and thus shared on impulsive and continuous. Lasers found applications in many branches of human activity such as industry, medicine, dentistry, telecommunications, energy, materials processing, military industry and many others. |
