Urolithiasis or nephrolithiasis is a disease of the urinary tract, which is resulting in formation a kidney stone in the urinary tract and it comes about as a consequence of excessive secretion of poorly soluble substances by urine. Kidney stones are the third most common urinary tract disease, after uroinfection and prostate disease. The main causes of kidney stones include hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hyperuricosuria, hypocitraturia and cystinuria. Hyperoxaluria is the result of endogenous (internal) hyperproduction of oxalate. Hyperoxaluria is a condition that is defined as elevated urinary excretion of oxalate. The absence of intestinal bacteria Oxalobacter formigenes in the gastrointestinal tract leads to increased oxalate absorption leading to hyperoxaluria. One of the reasons for the absence of colonization of Oxalobacter formigenes is the prolonged time use of antibiotic therapy, which disrupts the pH of the intestinal flora. People with diagnosed urolithiasis feel very sharp, dull, and unpleasant pain. There are two groups of medications available to the patients: the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (diclofenac, indomethacin) and opioids (hydromorphone, tramadol). Prostaglandins have different functions in the body, one of which is the increase in receptors sensitivity to pain in mechanical and chemical stimuli. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reduce the production of prostaglandins by blocking the activity of the cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX) involved in their production. Opioids primarily have their analgesic effect through the mechanism of preventing storage of serotonin and noradrenaline, substances that are important in pain transfer and specific binding to opioid receptors that are also important in the transmission of pain.